Process 1 presents non-linear aspects of QM, wherein a “collapse” takes place upon observation, the actual outcome of which is unknown a priori. In this standard Orthodox QM, there are two main types of processes as developed by von Neumann. The original Copenhagen school was later enriched by the work of John von Neumann ( 1995) and is now often referred to as the Orthodox Interpretation (heretofore, and in agreement with Stapp ( 2007, 2009, 2017), we can also refer to it as standard quantum mechanics). The so-called collapse of the wave function denotes the process through which quantum possibilities become actualities in the “real” world of experience. In the CI, the act of observation plays a fundamental role in explaining the nature of reality.
The Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (CI) was proposed initially a century ago by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, with further developments by them, Wolfgang Pauli, Max Born, and others (cf. There is a possibility that individual observers making choices in space and time are actually aspects of the universal Observer, a state masked by assumptions about individual human minds that may need further development and re-examination. The Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation accepts the presence of a universal Observer, retaining the importance of observation augmented by the role of information. It does not contradict the standard orthodox interpretation, but we believe it extends it by approaching von Neumann’s work in a new way. Our model is an interpretation which we term the Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. This directly ties to the question of where the Heisenberg-von Neumann cut is located and what its nature is.
Access to, and the interpretation of, information outside space and time may be involved. While traditional double-slit experiments are usually interpreted as indicating that the collapse of the wave function involves choices by an individual observer in space-time, the extension to quantum eraser experiments brings in some additional subtle aspects relating to the role of observation and what constitutes an observer. The delayed-choice aspects of observation, measurement, the role of the observer, and information in the quantum framework of the universe are discussed. We see that the uncertainty product between two observables is directly proportional to the absolute value of the expected value of their commutator and so observables which do not commute MUST posses an uncertainty relation weather that observable is position, energy, spin, whatever.Īnd so yes the "observer effect" which is the physical fact that observations do not commute in Quantum Mechanics implies uncertainty relations.We examine the issue of the Heisenberg-von Neumann cut in light of recent interpretations of quantum eraser experiments which indicate the possibility of a universal Observer outside space-time at an information level of existence. If you're interested in the derivation see here: $$\sigma_A \sigma_B = \frac\Big|\big\langle \big\rangle\Big|$$ So before any discussion of waves, Fourier Transforms or even physical situations let us consider observations in Quantum Mechanics generally by some operators that do not necessarily commute. This is a physical fact that has many different interpretations (Copenhagen, Many Worlds, etc.) but it is a starting point for our Theory of Quantum Mechanics. The "observer effect" as you put it can be thought of as the plain fact that in Quantum Mechanics observations do not commute.
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